1
00:00:12,410 --> 00:00:15,799

ozone is an invisible upper atmospheric

2
00:00:15,799 --> 00:00:15,809
ozone is an invisible upper atmospheric
 

3
00:00:15,809 --> 00:00:18,380
ozone is an invisible upper atmospheric
gas that protects all forms of life on

4
00:00:18,380 --> 00:00:18,390
gas that protects all forms of life on
 

5
00:00:18,390 --> 00:00:20,720
gas that protects all forms of life on
earth for most of the sun's damaging

6
00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:20,730
earth for most of the sun's damaging
 

7
00:00:20,730 --> 00:00:24,050
earth for most of the sun's damaging
radiation radiation that can cause skin

8
00:00:24,050 --> 00:00:24,060
radiation radiation that can cause skin
 

9
00:00:24,060 --> 00:00:26,990
radiation radiation that can cause skin
cancer I damage and suppression of the

10
00:00:26,990 --> 00:00:27,000
cancer I damage and suppression of the
 

11
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,960
cancer I damage and suppression of the
immune system the harvesting of fish and

12
00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:29,970
immune system the harvesting of fish and
 

13
00:00:29,970 --> 00:00:33,020
immune system the harvesting of fish and
plant life are also affected a vast

14
00:00:33,020 --> 00:00:33,030
plant life are also affected a vast
 

15
00:00:33,030 --> 00:00:35,000
plant life are also affected a vast
amount of aquatic life has its

16
00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:35,010
amount of aquatic life has its
 

17
00:00:35,010 --> 00:00:38,020
amount of aquatic life has its
beginnings in the oceans near Antarctica

18
00:00:38,020 --> 00:00:38,030
beginnings in the oceans near Antarctica
 

19
00:00:38,030 --> 00:00:40,729
beginnings in the oceans near Antarctica
false-color imagery of the South Pole

20
00:00:40,729 --> 00:00:40,739
false-color imagery of the South Pole
 

21
00:00:40,739 --> 00:00:43,010
false-color imagery of the South Pole
from NASA's Nimbus seven satellite

22
00:00:43,010 --> 00:00:43,020
from NASA's Nimbus seven satellite
 

23
00:00:43,020 --> 00:00:45,350
from NASA's Nimbus seven satellite
provides scientists with a roadmap of

24
00:00:45,350 --> 00:00:45,360
provides scientists with a roadmap of
 

25
00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:48,560
provides scientists with a roadmap of
daily changes in the ozone by tracking

26
00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:48,570
daily changes in the ozone by tracking
 

27
00:00:48,570 --> 00:00:50,209
daily changes in the ozone by tracking
this imagery for the past nine years

28
00:00:50,209 --> 00:00:50,219
this imagery for the past nine years
 

29
00:00:50,219 --> 00:00:52,819
this imagery for the past nine years
they have discovered a trend normal day

30
00:00:52,819 --> 00:00:52,829
they have discovered a trend normal day
 

31
00:00:52,829 --> 00:00:55,729
they have discovered a trend normal day
each spring over Antarctica a hole in

32
00:00:55,729 --> 00:00:55,739
each spring over Antarctica a hole in
 

33
00:00:55,739 --> 00:00:57,950
each spring over Antarctica a hole in
the ozone develops and it has been

34
00:00:57,950 --> 00:00:57,960
the ozone develops and it has been
 

35
00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:01,189
the ozone develops and it has been
getting larger year by year to date as

36
00:01:01,189 --> 00:01:01,199
getting larger year by year to date as
 

37
00:01:01,199 --> 00:01:03,170
getting larger year by year to date as
much as fifty to sixty percent of the

38
00:01:03,170 --> 00:01:03,180
much as fifty to sixty percent of the
 

39
00:01:03,180 --> 00:01:06,380
much as fifty to sixty percent of the
ozone in this area has been lost these

40
00:01:06,380 --> 00:01:06,390
ozone in this area has been lost these
 

41
00:01:06,390 --> 00:01:08,359
ozone in this area has been lost these
discoveries prompted a coordinated

42
00:01:08,359 --> 00:01:08,369
discoveries prompted a coordinated
 

43
00:01:08,369 --> 00:01:10,160
discoveries prompted a coordinated
series of you a dark pink ozone

44
00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:10,170
series of you a dark pink ozone
 

45
00:01:10,170 --> 00:01:13,460
series of you a dark pink ozone
experiments west VA an international

46
00:01:13,460 --> 00:01:13,470
experiments west VA an international
 

47
00:01:13,470 --> 00:01:16,640
experiments west VA an international
effort including some 150 scientists and

48
00:01:16,640 --> 00:01:16,650
effort including some 150 scientists and
 

49
00:01:16,650 --> 00:01:19,730
effort including some 150 scientists and
engineers of NASA National Oceanic and

50
00:01:19,730 --> 00:01:19,740
engineers of NASA National Oceanic and
 

51
00:01:19,740 --> 00:01:21,859
engineers of NASA National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration National

52
00:01:21,859 --> 00:01:21,869
Atmospheric Administration National
 

53
00:01:21,869 --> 00:01:24,740
Atmospheric Administration National
Science Foundation and Industry work

54
00:01:24,740 --> 00:01:24,750
Science Foundation and Industry work
 

55
00:01:24,750 --> 00:01:27,260
Science Foundation and Industry work
for months to study this alarming

56
00:01:27,260 --> 00:01:27,270
for months to study this alarming
 

57
00:01:27,270 --> 00:01:30,140
for months to study this alarming
environmental issue scientists used

58
00:01:30,140 --> 00:01:30,150
environmental issue scientists used
 

59
00:01:30,150 --> 00:01:32,180
environmental issue scientists used
ground-based instruments and launched

60
00:01:32,180 --> 00:01:32,190
ground-based instruments and launched
 

61
00:01:32,190 --> 00:01:34,610
ground-based instruments and launched
balloon born payloads to sample air

62
00:01:34,610 --> 00:01:34,620
balloon born payloads to sample air
 

63
00:01:34,620 --> 00:01:36,680
balloon born payloads to sample air
chemistry at mcmurdo station in

64
00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:36,690
chemistry at mcmurdo station in
 

65
00:01:36,690 --> 00:01:39,920
chemistry at mcmurdo station in
Antarctica at the same time NASA's dc-8

66
00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:39,930
Antarctica at the same time NASA's dc-8
 

67
00:01:39,930 --> 00:01:42,560
Antarctica at the same time NASA's dc-8
flying laboratory study the lower

68
00:01:42,560 --> 00:01:42,570
flying laboratory study the lower
 

69
00:01:42,570 --> 00:01:45,230
flying laboratory study the lower
atmosphere making long missions from

70
00:01:45,230 --> 00:01:45,240
atmosphere making long missions from
 

71
00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:47,990
atmosphere making long missions from
Punta Arenas Chile into the area of

72
00:01:47,990 --> 00:01:48,000
Punta Arenas Chile into the area of
 

73
00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:51,650
Punta Arenas Chile into the area of
ozone depletion NASA's high-flying er-2

74
00:01:51,650 --> 00:01:51,660
ozone depletion NASA's high-flying er-2
 

75
00:01:51,660 --> 00:01:54,200
ozone depletion NASA's high-flying er-2
plane carrying a single pilot and a

76
00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:54,210
plane carrying a single pilot and a
 

77
00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:56,510
plane carrying a single pilot and a
handful of sampling instruments feed

78
00:01:56,510 --> 00:01:56,520
handful of sampling instruments feed
 

79
00:01:56,520 --> 00:01:58,190
handful of sampling instruments feed
directly into a layer of atmosphere

80
00:01:58,190 --> 00:01:58,200
directly into a layer of atmosphere
 

81
00:01:58,200 --> 00:02:01,940
directly into a layer of atmosphere
where the ozone was depleted a number of

82
00:02:01,940 --> 00:02:01,950
where the ozone was depleted a number of
 

83
00:02:01,950 --> 00:02:04,070
where the ozone was depleted a number of
activities contributing to ozone loss

84
00:02:04,070 --> 00:02:04,080
activities contributing to ozone loss
 

85
00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:06,230
activities contributing to ozone loss
have been pinpointed by the scientific

86
00:02:06,230 --> 00:02:06,240
have been pinpointed by the scientific
 

87
00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:09,290
have been pinpointed by the scientific
and policy community no longer Duke and

88
00:02:09,290 --> 00:02:09,300
and policy community no longer Duke and
 

89
00:02:09,300 --> 00:02:11,140
and policy community no longer Duke and
aerosol products contain

90
00:02:11,140 --> 00:02:11,150
aerosol products contain
 

91
00:02:11,150 --> 00:02:14,330
aerosol products contain
chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs but these

92
00:02:14,330 --> 00:02:14,340
chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs but these
 

93
00:02:14,340 --> 00:02:16,160
chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs but these
harmful gases still get into the

94
00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:16,170
harmful gases still get into the
 

95
00:02:16,170 --> 00:02:18,170
harmful gases still get into the
atmosphere because they are used as

96
00:02:18,170 --> 00:02:18,180
atmosphere because they are used as
 

97
00:02:18,180 --> 00:02:20,540
atmosphere because they are used as
refrigerants fire retardants phone

98
00:02:20,540 --> 00:02:20,550
refrigerants fire retardants phone
 

99
00:02:20,550 --> 00:02:23,420
refrigerants fire retardants phone
blowing agents and solvents as long as

100
00:02:23,420 --> 00:02:23,430
blowing agents and solvents as long as
 

101
00:02:23,430 --> 00:02:26,240
blowing agents and solvents as long as
this persists ozone will continue to be

102
00:02:26,240 --> 00:02:26,250
this persists ozone will continue to be
 

103
00:02:26,250 --> 00:02:29,000
this persists ozone will continue to be
lost initial findings from the summers

104
00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:29,010
lost initial findings from the summers
 

105
00:02:29,010 --> 00:02:31,699
lost initial findings from the summers
ozone expedition verify that there is a

106
00:02:31,699 --> 00:02:31,709
ozone expedition verify that there is a
 

107
00:02:31,709 --> 00:02:34,180
ozone expedition verify that there is a
complex interplay between CFCs

108
00:02:34,180 --> 00:02:34,190
complex interplay between CFCs
 

109
00:02:34,190 --> 00:02:36,830
complex interplay between CFCs
chlorine-containing gases and the

110
00:02:36,830 --> 00:02:36,840
chlorine-containing gases and the
 

111
00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:38,720
chlorine-containing gases and the
meteorology in certain parts of the

112
00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:38,730
meteorology in certain parts of the
 

113
00:02:38,730 --> 00:02:41,090
meteorology in certain parts of the
world ice crystals in the upper

114
00:02:41,090 --> 00:02:41,100
world ice crystals in the upper
 

115
00:02:41,100 --> 00:02:43,490
world ice crystals in the upper
atmosphere convert the gases into a

116
00:02:43,490 --> 00:02:43,500
atmosphere convert the gases into a
 

117
00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:46,880
atmosphere convert the gases into a
byproduct that destroys ozone these ice

118
00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:46,890
byproduct that destroys ozone these ice
 

119
00:02:46,890 --> 00:02:48,860
byproduct that destroys ozone these ice
crystals usually early form in the

120
00:02:48,860 --> 00:02:48,870
crystals usually early form in the
 

121
00:02:48,870 --> 00:02:51,020
crystals usually early form in the
atmosphere the South Pole because it

122
00:02:51,020 --> 00:02:51,030
atmosphere the South Pole because it
 

123
00:02:51,030 --> 00:02:53,990
atmosphere the South Pole because it
gets so cold this may explain why other

124
00:02:53,990 --> 00:02:54,000
gets so cold this may explain why other
 

125
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:55,729
gets so cold this may explain why other
parts of the world aren't dramatically

126
00:02:55,729 --> 00:02:55,739
parts of the world aren't dramatically
 

127
00:02:55,739 --> 00:02:58,310
parts of the world aren't dramatically
affected by the depletion of science I

128
00:02:58,310 --> 00:02:58,320
affected by the depletion of science I
 

129
00:02:58,320 --> 00:03:00,110
affected by the depletion of science I
still do not understand all the

130
00:03:00,110 --> 00:03:00,120
still do not understand all the
 

131
00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:02,330
still do not understand all the
mechanisms of change but thanks to the

132
00:03:02,330 --> 00:03:02,340
mechanisms of change but thanks to the
 

133
00:03:02,340 --> 00:03:04,670
mechanisms of change but thanks to the
work of so many we will soon have a more

134
00:03:04,670 --> 00:03:04,680
work of so many we will soon have a more
 

135
00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:07,130
work of so many we will soon have a more
complete understanding of ozone loss and

136
00:03:07,130 --> 00:03:07,140
complete understanding of ozone loss and
 

137
00:03:07,140 --> 00:03:09,350
complete understanding of ozone loss and
its threat to the world environment in

138
00:03:09,350 --> 00:03:09,360
its threat to the world environment in
 

139
00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:12,440
its threat to the world environment in
the early 1990s a new generation of

140
00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:12,450
the early 1990s a new generation of
 

141
00:03:12,450 --> 00:03:14,690
the early 1990s a new generation of
atmospheric satellites will probe even

142
00:03:14,690 --> 00:03:14,700
atmospheric satellites will probe even
 

143
00:03:14,700 --> 00:03:19,309
atmospheric satellites will probe even
further into the problem

144
00:03:19,309 --> 00:03:19,319

 

145
00:03:19,319 --> 00:03:21,379

you